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Download the {{lab_electrical_engineering:lab_electrical_engineering_3_rectifier.pdf| Lab documents here!}}
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====== Experiment 3: Rectifiers  ======

===== Objectives of the experiment =====

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Getting to know the following components
  * Half-wave rectifier, bridge rectifier 
  * Ripple voltage 
  * Fixed voltage regulator
  * Three-phase AC, three-phase bridge rectifier
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Applying
  * Voltage analysis in the time domain using a simulation program
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===== Practical Example Rectifier (Diode) =====

You have an electric vehicle and want to charge the battery from an AC grid voltage. An on-board charger (OBC) of an electric vehicle converts AC grid voltage into DC voltage to charge the high-voltage battery.

**Operating Principle: **
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**AC Input**
  * The grid provides a sinusoidal AC voltage that alternates between positive and negative values.
**Rectification (Full-Bridge)**
  * A full-bridge rectifier uses four diodes. During each half-cycle, two diodes conduct, ensuring that current always flows in the same direction through the load.
**Pulsating DC Output**
  * The output voltage is always positive but contains significant ripple at twice the grid frequency (100 Hz).
**Smoothing**
  * A capacitor connected in parallel to the load reduces voltage ripple by storing and releasing energy.
**Active Rectification (PFC)**
  * In real EV chargers, active rectifiers improve efficiency and power factor by shaping the input current to follow the voltage waveform.

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{{page>lab_electrical_engineering:3_rectifier:Voltage Divider and Bridge Circuit&nofooter}}
{{page>lab_electrical_engineering:3_rectifier:The Half-Wave Rectifier&nofooter}}
{{page>lab_electrical_engineering:3_rectifier:Bridge Rectifier&nofooter}}
{{page>lab_electrical_engineering:3_rectifier:Fixed Voltage Regulator&nofooter}}
{{page>lab_electrical_engineering:3_rectifier:Three-phase AC&nofooter}}

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===== Preparation for the oral short test =====

For this experiment you should 
  - be able to apply and explain the following concepts:
    - Characteristic curve of an ideal and a real diode
    - Structure and physical operating principle of a diode
    - Half-wave and bridge rectifier circuit 
      - Structure 
      - Differences when using ideal vs. real diodes
      - Output voltage for a given input voltage
      - Reason and function of the additional capacitor
      - Applications
    - Graphical and analytical determination of characteristic values of a periodic signal, e.g. 
      - Amplitude, peak-to-peak value
      - Period, frequency, angular frequency
      - DC component, rectified average value, RMS value, 
      - Zero-phase angle (leading? lagging?)
    - Graphical and analytical use of multiple sinusoidal signals, e.g.
      - Phase shift, 
      - Addition in the time domain and phasor diagram

An interactive visualization of a full-bridge rectifier can be found here.


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<imgcaption pic20|Simulation of an Inverter></imgcaption> \\

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