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electrical_engineering_and_electronics_1:block02 [2025/09/28 15:34] – mexleadminelectrical_engineering_and_electronics_1:block02 [2025/09/28 23:33] (aktuell) – mexleadmin
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 ===== Learning objectives ===== ===== Learning objectives =====
 <callout> <callout>
 +After this 90-minute block, you can
   * Define electric charge $Q$ and explain its quantization in multiples of the elementary charge $e$.   * Define electric charge $Q$ and explain its quantization in multiples of the elementary charge $e$.
   * Distinguish positive and negative charges, their interactions, and typical carriers (electrons, ions).   * Distinguish positive and negative charges, their interactions, and typical carriers (electrons, ions).
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   * **Units:** $[U]=[W]/[Q]=1~{\rm J}/1~{\rm C}=1~{\rm V}$.   * **Units:** $[U]=[W]/[Q]=1~{\rm J}/1~{\rm C}=1~{\rm V}$.
-  * **Reference:** We choose one node as potential zero (“ground”); only differences are meaningful. :contentReference[oaicite:13]{index=13} +  * **Reference:** We choose one node as potential zero (“ground”); only differences are meaningful. 
-  * **Examples:**  + 
-    - Thermal noise $\sim \mu{\rm V}$ +<panel type="info" title="Typical voltage magnitudes"> 
-    - Microcontroller supply $1.8~{\rm V}$ +  * Thermal noise: $\sim \mu{\rm V}$ 
-    - Mains $230~{\rm V}$ +  * Microcontroller: supply $1.8~{\rm V}$ to  $5.0~{\rm V}$ (often given as ''1V8'' and ''5V0'' or in general as ''VCC'' or ''VDD'') 
-    - Lightning $>10^6~{\rm V}$+  * Mains: $230~{\rm V}$ 
 +  * Lightning: $>10^6~{\rm V}$ 
 +</panel>
  
 <panel type="info" title="Example / micro-exercise"> <panel type="info" title="Example / micro-exercise">
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 {{tagtopic>chapter1_2&nodate&nouser&noheader&nofooter&order=custom}} {{tagtopic>chapter1_2&nodate&nouser&noheader&nofooter&order=custom}}
 +
 +
 +#@TaskTitle_HTML@#1.5.1 Direction of the voltage 
 +#@TaskText_HTML@#
 +
 +<WRAP>
 +<imgcaption BildNr21 | Example of conventional voltage specification>
 +</imgcaption>
 +{{drawio>BeispKonventionelleSpannungsangabe.svg}}
 +</WRAP>
 +
 +Explain whether the voltages $U_{\rm Batt}$, $U_{12}$ and $U_{21}$ in <imgref BildNr21> are positive or negative according to the voltage definition.
 +
 +#@HiddenBegin_HTML~1,Hints~@#
 +  * Which terminal has the higher potential? 
 +  * From where to where does the arrow point? 
 +#@HiddenEnd_HTML~1,Hints~@#
 +
 +
 +#@HiddenBegin_HTML~2,Result~@#
 +  * ''+'' is the higher potential. Terminal 1 has the higher potential. $\varphi_1 > \varphi_2$
 +  * For $U_{\rm Batt}$: The arrow starts at terminal 1 and ends at terminal 2. So $U_{\rm Batt}=U_{12}>0$
 +  * $U_{21}<0$
 +#@HiddenEnd_HTML~1l2,Result~@#
 +
 +#@TaskEnd_HTML@#
 +
  
 <panel type="info" title="Task 2.1: Counting charges in a current">  <panel type="info" title="Task 2.1: Counting charges in a current">