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introduction_to_digital_systems:storage_elements [2023/03/27 11:46]
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introduction_to_digital_systems:storage_elements [2023/12/19 02:33]
mexleadmin [Exercises] |
| ====== 5. Storage Elements ====== | ====== 5 Storage Elements ====== |
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| In the previous chapter, we had a look at memory devices, which store data even when no voltage is applied. This is great for long-term storage, like measurement data, pictures, or music. The clock frequency of the storage element is often much lower than the internal frequency of the processor/controller. By this, the processor has to wait for the stored information due to high access time. | In the previous chapter, we had a look at memory devices, which store data even when no voltage is applied. This is great for long-term storage, like measurement data, pictures, or music. The clock frequency of the storage element is often much lower than the internal frequency of the processor/controller. By this, the processor has to wait for the stored information due to high access time. |
| </WRAP></WRAP></panel> | </WRAP></WRAP></panel> |
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| <WRAP><well><imgcaption pic053|Variable Frequency Divider></imgcaption> \\ {{url>https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?ctz=CQAgzCCMCmC0AcIAMA6ALPA7JSA2ArAJzEBMa+amYmI+StIaE+cOAUCUjfGCeJrhDw84eGkYgAQmA5ch+QdUFj6YMRMklZNQknFKh8RGvHjJSbYdUChuferOQ2AGSG9+y92iT0+9AGYAhgA2AM7QDBYoIACqAA4AwgD2AK4AdgAu0ABOaABGAJYZyCB84oIJzgDSULV8AIq+JRD1kCCCbS18iHwtEITggwBKAKIAylBt9PQAgmkAJgDigVkjwQC2ADqhJNtg22ib2XNLK9BrW6G4B9v4RyfLqxvb8LfbmEfOSQDmBQDGAHkUhk4sCLttdtkvr9AcDQRlwVdPj9-kCQWDnqFCMiYWj4YjXtkACoAMWCBTiZKScUR+x220gSAZDMgOP+AEk0vjMftiWSKVSaZjDkjQpBdmKWUdSeTKcFqYi7qFXmK6ayxay+bLBYiPliGSL1TgoJsIabQky3pKzdtLaElaybRbzUrdhCUK7zSQPU7vZ73f7nfTmdsgmFoC7zUzg0G3bGo2w0IyQFRBHYU2hyuI2vFkuksrlCsV1RLo-gTfSg+WS7bbqUA-Wdh7G36W83S431WHwlbfLbG32LWwAIQgebQIIpYLFWZIAA02xmkAXoRmJBXMzAK-M2+X20025aIGS6zigWyKyS2WQPlvPk2AEdWWlb4yfKyn5sX0g3z+mZ-vxwd8P2fP933vAC-0ZaDH1AoCf0ZWCvwQ6CcCQtJf1-dC33gkCv2gqD-2fVDUOwnC3zIlCfzIkiiPwnAGLQgCAH5WLY1jHyZNJZEQQhOHacRCFweh03ocdJ2nZAXHkRQbHgBRGB8UoSm7CJywsVxdH0GwtMUpoAhCcJImkoxrGUeB6G8Jo2lU4yAHcoB-NNsyc0pxAsBzoMEMgU1wHp3LYByBH83zjD8NghhTMBBCE9oLJAWK2m6O8lNbVtpg9QK3D4dM+JEgKHLyhLPD4WKPOyqASF4-jxUQcqeD4PB6CKpqpMKvQPASjrID4tquuzXqWt6+r4oMUzSh8kbfB8oqSEmrLZoU+TvIU+qFJIJaFIMer3DG9wqrqrKGtKIwEv4g6pKTAZGVOnrGrIRA7tKPREDQRMesc06FPFDBaG8l7GEsG7Ht6xlMD4ThLKkCxOBoYGJpc8HSi8KQnFhz6em+rgIfTMwtHR+GLrBiHYrMGQCaQW78Ea7GoGEiRNyBynHpq2naoZ-G5HhrGkdxkAZhhuRjvTY7TvEAXLGO2LjvFKHFzRoX3HZmXqY5yWlfpmWHH5mQeogcVScesBVd+6Ysq8tzKt++bPIeoR6AN5QzdcR3GBZpHrdqWz1KBsBet+yAk0EX7xAATUTJB9aQdNeCNvzRHcqAwAAfUgZOkGTpNGWT-B05QNPYDTkhU5TlPKiqCOo5j0Hote1bGBTtOM6zjPc9QAui8z0vk-D23fvin6QosPIU3FIRbAhyOpIAD1HmhYDmoQSAGQuBnEHyUkSVJMhyNgR5ah2f30JABgsWfdEQBeabAcRV4kHyTzPC8MivNhZ7By+SDacUx8L17LYAGoFFCCkEIBQABeKwChJG4u-Zel9IBGywCAQu5Z17iCJD8b45I0jfDfvbMoN8Eom2oPfMw2wAAU6xAjT22AAkIKRoAAEp8E4G8KUEQOB5IcLXuAQQkhHysMgEQzA11ICiKXhIaK-NBEU1OrdWmpMQDyzYEAA noborder}}</well></WRAP> | <WRAP><well><imgcaption pic053|Variable Frequency Divider></imgcaption> \\ {{url>https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?ctz=CQAgzCCMCmC0AcIAMA6ATGpB2bl6QFYA2JInAFiJAKWpHIgLkkgChMsR4w1wsr8VMPHL0QAITDtsXYnwHlaw0aPFppnAJxJRYfl3iJlY8Ug0Gl++EV0iTbADJce8570W1ekEADMAhgA2AM7QdGYoIACqAA4AwgD2AK4AdgAu0ABO5ABGAJapyCDuIFSxDgDSUFW8AIqehRA13lTejbyIvI0QmuC9AEoAogDKUN60tACCyQAmAOJ+6QMBALYAOkFo62Dr5KsZU3ML0EtrQUQ76wR7B-OLK+vwl+tYew7xAOa5AMYA8omp0X+J3Wmwyb0+v3+gNSwLOrw+3z+AKB9yCmnhEKR0NhjwyABUAGIBXLRInxaKw7YbdaQJA0mmQDHfACSyWxqO2+KJJLJFNRuzhQUgmyFDL2hOJpIC5NhVyCjyFVMZQsZXMlvNhLzRNIFypYUFWIMNQTpT1FRvWpqCcsZFpNxrlmxBKEdxrQLrt7tdzu99up9PW-mC0Adxrp-r9TsjYdY5FpICwYCoNgT5FEKe8MQSKXSWTyBWVIvDBAN1L9JcLlsuRR9NY2LrrXsbDaLdeVQZCZs81ZFJaLrAAhCBptB-IkAgVJkgADTrCaQWdBCZoRcTMCL0wbhfrNQbxogBLLaJ+DILeIZZBIK-XukAR0ZyWvtKvjPvq0fSGfn7vD5fz5Yqxvo+X7PoBv60hBn5ge+n7-rS0HASwsGvg+IHXghcEvhh36QdhLAQSh75IbBV4YQREFkeRP5EfhtEIQA-IxTGMYBdLJNIiCaJgJSiJoJA8YUI5jhOyCsE48ByHoAhyB4RRVB2oQlmYTjaLo+iqfQV5ybQClhGJFiuIYtCyV4viBCEekAO5QJ+yaiBBVBoKIZjWQ5RSiPwHTOaw1mee5CZEEYvBmH0CZJiAfElPAtCRd47Q3lpTZNuMLo+W4AlcbQKYuRF3GRdwvCRTlBVQGgnHccKiDFS4kD8ZlUD8TlGlSRFOhQFxonWRpkAdfVPXBWlRmGdFRROZ1BkYLx3GTeN9VoHIEmOXIxVyPN0lCPo1WdFYLhlVVg27YYuWeEdZhxj0tJHf1pXkIg12YLd9Cxj1NlHXIwqPatOiIOQ5iXXdHW0lgvCYMZEhmBwr0dGNQMgy4qhsJD-1FO92AgymqjqEjSBHXtNnA0UkWqFI2NXQQXhow1YNrn9ON3RVlOVWIy6029LSUxjIATBDMglSmJVHaI3PmCV+U1dxohzojvPi4gJWEMULOQ-L-Hy3YQtSD1EDCkTd1gOT9BVdQaVuTDTleeNH1y7QOsCOM+m24bpUE49pm6Upf1gB1j2QHGVCPaIACasZINrpC6GVUBJkYdg22AAD6kDx0g8dxrS8cEMnKBJ7ASdoInCcJ2U5Qh2HKZe140f0Mt9AJ0nKdpynmeoDneep4X8fB655tcDbPdjWY2QJsKXBcEQIOh6JAAew+cLAGBcGgPS5z0ohjYkcRJGkmSsEPfU25+uhID0Zgz9oiDzxTYCiCvYhjYex6nqk56sDPQMX2g3jCiPuc-f5ABquQgiJECLkAAXgsXI8R2JvyXhfPAUd4Bz0IHfUQeIPjvGJMkd4r9e7uGvhFA2DBOBr1UOsAAFMsPwU91j-0CIkaAABKXBLBFBFFqqMCS7DV7gCoOIQCLDIAEKwBdSAIjF5iHChMARpM5Z3UpkTEAUtWBAA noborder}}</well></WRAP> |
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| So the application is nice, but what does the counter internally look like? How can this counter be generated synchronously with flip-flops? | So the application is nice, but what does the counter internally look like? How can this counter be generated synchronously with flip-flops? |
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| The <imgref pic501a> shows a series of flip-flops and the $RES$ pin set to 1. \\ | The <imgref pic501a> shows a series of flip-flops and the $RES$ pin set to 1. \\ |
| Write down the series of the output $Y0$...$Y3$ for each subsequent cycle of $CLK$, when $RES=0$. | Write down the sequence of the output $Y0$...$Y3$ for each subsequent cycle of $CLK$, when $RES=0$. |
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| Be aware, that on the flip-flops are input pins $R$ (Reset) and $S$ (Set). Once $R=1$ the output of the flip-flop is set to $Q=0$ independent of $D$. When $R=0$, the output of the flip-flop is set to $Q=1$ independent of $D$. | Be aware, that on the flip-flops are input pins $R$ (Reset) and $S$ (Set). Once $R=1$ the output of the flip-flop is set to $Q=0$ independent of $D$. When $R=0$, the output of the flip-flop is set to $Q=1$ independent of $D$. |
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| <WRAP><well> <imgcaption pic501a|Exercise for Flip Flops Timing Sequence></imgcaption> \\ {{url>https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?hideSidebar=true&running=false&ctz=CQAgjCAMB0l3BWcMBMcUHYMGZIA4UA2ATmIxAUgpABZsKBTAWjDACgwEkqwNDa84PiH6QOXcMRRD+KGj2GjxSBMN79CcmSKjKQ2PDW11p6nWIBKIFmGm4jLGkfvgQpuG+hIUXqFC9sAO6S0miCZmG6wRH42i5i0cIuLPzxQfqEgi5macHYmW6x+VmQRgn6hoVZBZHlCIRULsX6pVEUDVXtja11wpH1VLXpKS0OrHY9w2CysSO5fpEjQ8HE-GZgUtrlKHiCkdhoneUHg0WHZsfnSZUX6TR4Cvyqa8JinEZyVKvgTiDfg34EOIjE5BN9sAhpP83ID0oQMKFYpk9rFysjOuiHm17o8BDxbNiseNaPdwATyqCQFjMVRjpCqYN5Ay2jtwn1dmTpNsOcTPpy2mBft8Rv8pvxhdMtmKtlKVi9xfxSdzwgTWQI2hDpFjNX8lMEcfyDUq4QjtPDpMaALK69Xg0KeIFocjfUm2QSkowATTETrcHNJJ3VXvY1rVpLVBxhPiB1vN6rjkdCAV9cdJGFaHpAnuwbF9RsECAJmc9KDY1vzeP09ujucg5Bsdny1mJzSMFgAogBlNgAGWbBOwTcczibphAADMAIYAGwAzgxqOVGbT9E2l6v+A2N21GqOOYO9X6snu9kzlduDCPD5eL5U+cdKgeKEk1+lntv3-e2EA noborder}} </well></WRAP> | <WRAP><well> <imgcaption pic501a|Exercise for Flip Flops Timing Sequence></imgcaption> \\ {{url>https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?hideSidebar=true&running=false&ctz=CQAgjCAMB0l3BWcMBMcUHYMGZIA4UA2ATmIxAUgpABZsKBTAWjDACgwEkqwNDa84PiH6QOXcMRRD+KGj2GjxSBMN79CcmSKjKQ2PDW11p6nWIBKIFmGm4jLGkfvgQpuG+hIUXqFC9sAO6S0miCZmG6wRH42i5i0cIuLPzxQfqEgi5macHYmW6x+VmQRgn6hoVZBZHlCIRULsX6pVEUDVXtja11wpH1VLXpKS0OrHY9w2CysSO5fpEjQ8HE-GZgUtrlKHiCkdhoneUHg0WHZsfnSZUX6TR4Cvyqa8JinEZyVKvgTiDfg34EOIjE5BN9sAhpP83ID0oQMKFYpk9rFysjOuiHm17o8BDxbNiseNaPdwATyqCQFjMVRjpCqYN5Ay2jtwn1dmTpNsOcTPpy2mBfliRljyiKqCNbsFJa8tulvmZvqTueECayBG0IdIsVq-kpgjj+YblXCEdp4dITQBZPUa8GhTxAtDkJXhHYaowATTEzv09PtX34XpobBt6tJ6oOMJ8QJtFo18ajoQCvvjpIwrVJXuwbF9xsECAJWZAnpQobxHp1Dpjucg5Bsdny1mJzSMFgAogBlNgAGWbBOwTcczibphAADMAIYAGwAzgxqOVGbT9E2l6v+A2N21GqOOYP9W593u9kyVduDCPD5eL5U+cdKgeKEk1+lntv3-fa+RBUYFQSlRLIFoiFHhfn+b8j0EUkTg9Et2CAA noborder}} </well></WRAP> |
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