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introduction_to_digital_systems:tools [2023/02/11 23:08] – mexleadminintroduction_to_digital_systems:tools [2024/10/31 08:36] (aktuell) – mexleadmin
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-====== 0. Tools ======+====== 0 Tools ======
  
-===== 0.1 Digital =====+===== 0.1 First steps in Digital =====
  
  
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   * ... to understand calculations with binary and hexadecimal numbers. (Chapter 1.)   * ... to understand calculations with binary and hexadecimal numbers. (Chapter 1.)
   * ... build logic circuits (chapter 3.)   * ... build logic circuits (chapter 3.)
-  * ... synthesize logic circuits directly from KV-diagrams or logical expressions (chapter 4.-6.) +  * ... synthesize logic circuits directly from Karnaugh diagrams or logical expressions (chapters 4.-6.) 
-  * ... analyse logic circuits+  * ... analyze logic circuits
  
 <WRAP info> <WRAP info>
---> Introduction to Digital 0 - Explanation of Digital, Download and Installation #+--> Introduction to Digital 0 - Explanation of Digital, Download, and Installation #
 <WRAP group> <WRAP group>
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 === manual === === manual ===
  
-On the above mentioned page you can also find manuals in different languages. All functions are explained in them. The documentation is also available in "Digital.zip" under the folder docu, so it does not have to be downloaded separately.+On the above-mentioned page, you can also find manuals in different languages. All functions are explained in them. The documentation is also available in "Digital.zip" under the folder docu, so it does not have to be downloaded separately.
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 === Step-by-step 2: Creating an input and an output === === Step-by-step 2: Creating an input and an output ===
  
-As a start a simple circuit with one input and one output shall be created+As a start, a simple circuit with one input and one output shall be created
  
 <WRAP><imgcaption BildNr2 | Eingang und Ausgang verbunden>{{grundlagen_der_digitaltechnik:digital_einfachsteschaltung.jpg?600}}</imgcaption></WRAP> <WRAP><imgcaption BildNr2 | Eingang und Ausgang verbunden>{{grundlagen_der_digitaltechnik:digital_einfachsteschaltung.jpg?600}}</imgcaption></WRAP>
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   - Then insert an ''output'' to the right of the input. Here we will introduce another variant for inserting components. Click on ''View >> Tree view of components'' (or ''F5''). A column with the different components is then displayed on the left. The output is located in this column under IO. This can be inserted into the workspace by drag and drop.   - Then insert an ''output'' to the right of the input. Here we will introduce another variant for inserting components. Click on ''View >> Tree view of components'' (or ''F5''). A column with the different components is then displayed on the left. The output is located in this column under IO. This can be inserted into the workspace by drag and drop.
   - Both components can be connected with a line. A line can be started from any grid point by left clicking and ended by ''Esc''. A line can also be start or end at an output (red dot on a component: <fc #ff0000>•</fc>) or an input (red dot on a component: <fc #0000ff>•</fc>).   - Both components can be connected with a line. A line can be started from any grid point by left clicking and ended by ''Esc''. A line can also be start or end at an output (red dot on a component: <fc #ff0000>•</fc>) or an input (red dot on a component: <fc #0000ff>•</fc>).
-  - With this, the first simple circuit is already created (see <imgref BildNr2>). The circuit can be activated by pressing the start icon ''►'' . If you have forgotten the connection or if there is another error, an error message appears. After confirming this error, the faulty component is highlighted in red.+  - With this, the first simple circuit is already created (see <imgref BildNr2>). The circuit can be activated by pressing the start icon ''►''. If you have forgotten the connection or if there is another error, an error message appears. After confirming this error, the faulty component is highlighted in red.
   - When a circuit is started, input components can be actuated. Existing other components will then also become active. You should test this by pressing the input. Then stop the simulation by pressing the Stop icon ''■'' (stopping by ''►'' is also possible). The circuit can now be edited again.   - When a circuit is started, input components can be actuated. Existing other components will then also become active. You should test this by pressing the input. Then stop the simulation by pressing the Stop icon ''■'' (stopping by ''►'' is also possible). The circuit can now be edited again.
  
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   - The previous circuit is now further expanded. The aim now is a circuit input and output of 8 bits. How a bit/byte is defined is shown in the chapter [[number systems]]. The trivial solution would be to multiply the existing circuit with ''<Ctrl>+<A>'', ''<Ctrl>+<C>'', ''<Ctrl>+<V>''. But here we will present another variant, which transports the 8 bits via a data bus. A data bus is defined as lines that belong together.   - The previous circuit is now further expanded. The aim now is a circuit input and output of 8 bits. How a bit/byte is defined is shown in the chapter [[number systems]]. The trivial solution would be to multiply the existing circuit with ''<Ctrl>+<A>'', ''<Ctrl>+<C>'', ''<Ctrl>+<V>''. But here we will present another variant, which transports the 8 bits via a data bus. A data bus is defined as lines that belong together.
   - To do this, right-click on the input to change its properties. The number of ''data bits'' should now be increased to 8 and the ''designation'' to A. The changes must be confirmed with ''OK''.   - To do this, right-click on the input to change its properties. The number of ''data bits'' should now be increased to 8 and the ''designation'' to A. The changes must be confirmed with ''OK''.
-  - When the circuit is started, the somewhat cryptic error message appears: ''1 bits are required, but 8 bits were found. Affected are: Line out.'' Additionally, connection line and the output is marked. We forgot to set the output to 8 bits...+  - When the circuit is started, the somewhat cryptic error message appears: ''1 bit is required, but 8 bits were found. Affected are: Line out.'' Additionally, the connection line and the output are marked. We forgot to set the output to 8 bits...
   - To solve this, again not the trivial variant (right click " Change) shall be described, but a slightly different possibility:   - To solve this, again not the trivial variant (right click " Change) shall be described, but a slightly different possibility:
     - mark everything with ''<Ctrl>+<A>''.     - mark everything with ''<Ctrl>+<A>''.
     - Right click     - Right click
-    - Change ''Data Bits''. Although this option is grayed out, because the components have different values there. By clicking on the box ''□'' next to data bits, the option can be changed. +    - Change ''Data Bits''. Although this option is grayed out because the components have different values there. By clicking on the box ''□'' next to data bits, the option can be changed. 
-  - If the circuit is started now, a 0 appears over input, line and output (see <imgref BildNr3>). +  - If the circuit is started now, a 0 appears over input, line, and output (see <imgref BildNr3>). 
-  - A (left)click on the input no longer changes the value directly, but opens an input window. In this window, numbers can be entered as decimal values (''10''), binary values (''0b10''), hexadecimal values (''0x10'') or octal values (''010''). Pressing Line break (''<↵>'') accepts the value and closes the input window. Clicking Shift + New Line (''<↑><↵>'') accepts only the value. The cursor keys up/down allow the displayed value to be counted up/down.+  - A (left)click on the input no longer changes the value directly, but opens an input window. In this window, numbers can be entered as decimal values (''10''), binary values (''0b10''), hexadecimal values (''0x10''), or octal values (''010''). Pressing Line break (''<↵>'') accepts the value and closes the input window. Clicking Shift + New Line (''<↑><↵>'') accepts only the value. The cursor keys up/down allow the displayed value to be counted up/down.
  
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 <WRAP help> <WRAP help>
 === Homework === === Homework ===
-  - Determine the hexadecimal values for 070, 64, 0b01100110. +  - Determine the hexadecimal values for 070, 64, and 0b01100110. 
-  - Change the output to decimal value display and determine the decimal values for 064, 0x70 and 0b10011001.+  - Change the output to a decimal value display and determine the decimal values for 064, 0x70, and 0b10011001.
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