1 Magnetic Circuit
(written test, approx. 10 % of a 120-minute written test, SS2024)
A real capacitor behaves like an $RLC$ resonant circuit, with an equivalent series resistance $R$ and an equivalent series inductance $L$.
A given capacitor shall have the following values:
- $C=10 ~\rm nF$
- $R=20 ~\rm m\Omega$
- $L=1.6 ~\rm nH$
1. What is the impedance $Z_{RLC}$ of this real capacitor for $f_0=44 ~\rm MHz$? (Phase and magnitude)
The reactive part is \begin{align*} X_{LC} &= 2\pi f \cdot L - {{1}\over{2\pi f \cdot C}} \\ &= 2\pi 44 \cdot 10^{6} {~\rm MHz} \cdot 1.6 \cdot 10^{-9} {~\rm H} - {{1}\over{2\pi \cdot 10^{6} {~\rm MHz} \cdot 10 \cdot 10^{-9} {~\rm F}}} \\ &= +0.08062... ~\Omega \\ \end{align*}
To get the magnitude of the impedance $|\underline{Z}_{RLC}|$ one can use the Pythagorean Theorem: \begin{align*} |\underline{Z}_{RLC}| &= \sqrt{R^2 + X_{LC}^2} \\ &= \sqrt{(0.020~\Omega)^2 + ( 0.08062... ~\Omega )^2} \\ &= 0.0830 ... ~\Omega \\ \end{align*}
For the phase $\varphi$ the $\arctan$ can be applied: \begin{align*} \varphi &= \arctan \left( {{X_{LC}}\over{R}} \right) \\ &= \arctan \left( {{0.08062... ~\Omega}\over{0.020 ~\Omega}} \right) \\ &= 1.3276 ... \hat{=} +76° \\ \end{align*}
- $|\underline{Z}_{RLC}| = 83.0 ~\rm m \Omega$
- $\varphi = +76°$
2. What is the resonance frequency $f_r$ for the given capacitor? What is the impedance in this case?
The impedance at resonance is purely the resistance.
- $f_r = 39.79 ~\rm MHz$
- $|\underline{Z}_{RLC}(f_r)| = 20.0 ~\rm m \Omega$
3. For an application, the component shall be used in resonance on a supply of $5 ~\rm V$. What is the voltage on the ideal capacity $C$ in the shown circuit?