Op-Amp as non-inverting low-pass filter
We can also use an operational amplifier as an active filter. There are two typical circuit configurations: the Sallen-Key circuit, which uses a non-inverting operational amplifier, and the multiple-feedback circuit, which uses an inverting operational amplifier.
We use the Sallen-Key circuit as it is easier to understand and the gain of the operational amplifier can be determined independently of the cut-off frequency.
The cut-off frequency can be calculated using the following formula:
$$f_{\rm g} = \frac{1}{2\pi\sqrt{R_{\rm 1}~\cdot~C_{\rm 1}~\cdot~R_{\rm 2}~\cdot~C_{\rm 2}}}$$
Here is an scematic of an typical low-pass filter using the Sallen-Key circuit:
Fig. 1: Non-inverting Op-Amp: Sallen-Key Low-pass filter
$U_{\rm DD}{\rm~=10~V},~U_{\rm SS}{\rm~=-10~V},~R_{\rm 1}{\rm~=10~k\Omega,~C_{\rm 1}{\rm~=10~nF}},~R_{\rm 2}{\rm~=15~k\Omega},~C_{\rm 2}{\rm~=4,7~nF}$
Measure the values given in the table below.